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| 43 BC |
| | | Octavian, Mark Antony and Lepidus meet in Bologna and form an alliance known as the second triumvirate | |
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| 42 BC |
| | | Octavian and Mark Antony defeat the armies of Brutus and Cassius at Philippi, after which Brutus and Cassius commit suicide | |
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| 42 BC |
| | | After their victory at Philippi, Octavian returns to Rome and Mark Antony remains in the east to control the extremities of the empire | |
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| 41 BC |
| | | Mark Antony summons Cleopatra to visit him in Tarsus, to answer rumours that she has been disloyal to the empire | |
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| 41 BC |
| | | Keeping her appointment with Mark Antony in Tarsus, Cleopatra arrives in a golden barge, dressed as the goddess of love – and he proves susceptible | |
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| 37 BC |
| | | Antony and Cleopatra, accompanied by their three-year-old twins, marry in Antioch | |
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| 31 BC |
| | | Octavian defeats the forces of Antony and Cleopatra (both are at sea with their fleets) in a battle off the Greek coast at Actium | |
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| 30 BC |
| | | Octavian arrives in Egypt with an army, and holds Cleopatra a prisoner in her palace in Alexandria | |
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| 30 BC |
| | | Cleopatra commits suicide, applying a poisonous asp to her breast, | |
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| 30 BC |
| | | Octavian annexes Egypt as a Roman territory and takes back to Rome the vast treasures of the Egyptian pharaohs | |
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